The absence, in the requesting State, of effective protection of the guarantee of judicial impartiality, viewed from an objective standpoint, constitutes a bar to surrender, since that guarantee forms part of the essential core of the right to a fair trial and of the rights of the defence, in accordance with the fundamental principles of the legal order, as guaranteed by the Constitution and by supranational instruments. In the case at issue, the person injured by the offences charged against the requested person had sat on the judicial panel as reporting judge, had also dealt with the preliminary issue of his own incompatibility, had issued the arrest warrant, and had drafted the extradition request.