In extradition proceedings governed by the 1957 European Convention on Extradition, the Italian judicial authority, even where the applicable convention does not require a full assessment of serious indications of guilt, must carry out a summary assessment under Article 705 of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure. Such assessment cannot, however, amount to a detailed review of the evidentiary framework, since the requesting State is not required to transmit the evidence itself, but only sufficiently precise factual allegations and an indication of the evidentiary basis supporting the accusation within the requesting State’s procedural system.

Switzerland requested the extradition of the requested person for prosecution in connection with three attacks on bank cash machines involving explosive material. The Italian Supreme Court held that, even where the applicable extradition convention does not expressly require the requested State to assess serious indications of guilt, the Italian judicial authority must not confine itself to a purely formal review of the documents but must conduct a summary assessment of whether the materials disclose evidence against the requested person. In the present case, the arrest warrant contained a detailed description of the alleged offences and identified several incriminating elements, including statements by a co-suspect and DNA traces connected with two of the incidents. The Court held that the defence objections sought an impermissible merits assessment of the evidence, rejected the appeal and upheld the favourable extradition decision.

Where an applicable convention – such as the one between Italy and Switzerland – does not provide for an assessment by the requested State of the existence of serious indications of guilt, the Italian judicial authority must not limit itself to a merely formal review of the documentation attached to the extradition request. Rather, it must ascertain that such documentation sets out the reasons why, from the perspective of the requesting State’s procedural system, it was considered probable that the requested person committed the offence underlying the extradition request. Accordingly, in carrying out this review – unlike the regime provided for under Article 705(1) of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure – the requested State must neither independently assess this requirement nor critically re-evaluate the evidentiary material transmitted. In the present case, the Court of Appeal correctly adhered to the scope of review entrusted to it, highlighting the body of incriminating evidence (consisting of co-defendants’ statements, intercepted communications, and police investigations) on which the Swiss judicial authorities had based the provisional charge against the applicant. By contrast, the applicant sought to engage in an impermissible assessment of the probative value of individual items of evidence, effectively offering a direct – and moreover partial – reinterpretation of the evidentiary record.