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United Kingdom

Extradition Law & Case Law

Case Law
Extradition to Poland and Article 8 ECHR: assistance provided to a former partner does not amount to “familiy life”
Summary
Regular assistance and emotional support provided to a former partner suffering from mental health issues are insufficient, absent stable de facto family ties, to establish “family life” protected under Article 8 ECHR in extradition proceedings; furthermore, only exceptionally severe interference with private or family life may justify refusal of extradition on proportionality grounds.
06/05/2026 · Appeal Court of the High Court of Justiciary (Scotland) · [2026] HCJAC 15
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇵🇱Poland
GrantedExtradition
Extradition to Norway granted: article 8 family life challenge rejected despite child’s special needs
Summary
The case concerned an appeal against an order for extradition to Norway to serve a sentence of three and a half years’ imprisonment for an aggravated drug offence involving the storage of a large quantity of heroin. The appellant, a Norwegian national with settled status in the United Kingdom, argued that extradition would disproportionately interfere with his and his family’s Article 8 ECHR rights, relying in particular on the serious developmental needs of his youngest child, the health needs of other children, and the practical and emotional burden that would fall on his wife. The High Court admitted fresh evidence concerning the child’s autism diagnosis and the family’s updated circumstances, and carried out a fresh Article 8 balancing exercise. It accepted that extradition would have a serious detrimental impact on the family, especially the youngest child, but held that the public interest in extradition carried very substantial weight because the appellant was a fugitive, had deliberately avoided serving a lengthy sentence, and had been convicted of a serious Class A drugs offence. The appeal was dismissed, although the Court deferred the date on which the extradition order would take effect to allow statutory services time to put support in place for the child.
20/04/2026 · High Court of Justice, King’s Bench Division, Administrative Court · [2026] EWHC 894
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇳🇴Norway
GrantedExtradition
Temporal application of Extradition Law and the UK-EU TCA and refusal based on nationality
Summary
The UK requested that Portugal surrender a Portuguese national accused of murder. At the time the international arrest warrant was issued, the EU notification made on behalf of Portugal under Article 603(2) of the EU‑UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement stated that Portugal would only surrender Portuguese nationals, on a reciprocal basis, in cases of terrorism or organised crime. When the requested person was arrested, a new notification was already in force, which no longer restricted the surrender of Portuguese nationals in those cases.The Portuguese Supreme Court held that, under the rules governing the temporal application of extradition law, the relevant notification was the one in force when the international arrest warrant was issued. Consequently, Portugal could not grant the surrender of one of its own nationals in a case that did not involve terrorism or organised crime.
09/04/2026 · Portuguese Supreme Court · 370/26.0YRLSB.S1
🇵🇹Portugal → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
DeniedExtradition
Extradition to India: application to reopen appeal refused after sssurances against interrogation
Summary
The case concerned an application by the requested person to reopen his extradition appeal against surrender to India, following an earlier dismissal of his Article 3 ECHR and health-based objections. He argued that the later judgment in Bhandari v Government of India revealed a real risk of torture or ill-treatment during custodial interrogation by Indian investigative agencies, and that this risk also applied to him because several agencies might seek to question him after extradition. The Divisional Court accepted that, without adequate assurances, the application to reopen would have had considerable force, given the findings in Bhandari concerning the use of proscribed treatment to obtain confessions. However, the Court held that India had provided comprehensive, detailed and reliable assurances that the requested person would not be interrogated by the CBI, the ED or any other investigative agency without prior recourse to the United Kingdom authorities, and that those assurances were given in good faith and were binding at the diplomatic level. Since the assurances were sufficient to remove any real practical risk of interrogation and ill-treatment, the Court refused permission to reopen the extradition appeal.
25/03/2026 · High Court of Justice, King’s Bench Division, Divisional Court · [2026] EWHC 716
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇮🇳India
GrantedExtradition
Extradition to Ukraine refused: cumulative Article 8 factors outweighed public interest despite assurances
Summary
The case concerned a request by Ukraine for the extradition of a sitting Ukrainian Member of Parliament to stand trial for alleged violent offences committed in 2022 and 2023. The requested person resisted extradition on several grounds, arguing that the proceedings were politically and religiously motivated, that he had previously been ill-treated by Ukrainian security officers, that the ongoing armed conflict created risks under Articles 2 and 3 ECHR, and that he would face unfair trial, arbitrary detention, religious persecution and oppression due to ill health. The Westminster Magistrates’ Court rejected the objections based on political motivation, Articles 2, 3, 5, 6 and 9 ECHR, ill health and abuse of process, holding in particular that Ukraine’s specific and verifiable assurances were sufficient to neutralise the identified risks. However, the Court accepted that the requested person had previously been subjected to ill-treatment in SBU custody and considered that this, together with his public perception as sympathetic to Russia, the residual risks arising from the armed conflict, his family circumstances, and the comparatively limited seriousness and likely penal consequences of the alleged offences, created an exceptional cumulative picture. The Court therefore held that extradition would amount to a disproportionate interference with private and family life under Article 8 ECHR and ordered discharge under section 87(2) of the Extradition Act 2003.
04/03/2026 · Westminster Magistrates’ Court · The Government of Ukraine v Artem Dmytruk
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇺🇦Ukraine
GrantedExtradition
Extradition: identification of the sought person may be inferred from circumstantial evidence
Summary
The Court of King’s Bench of Alberta ordered the committal of the person sought for extradition to the United Kingdom in connection with historical allegations of physical and sexual abuse of minors. The Court held that the Record of the Case established a prima facie case and that the identity of the person sought as the alleged perpetrator (“Brother Peter”) could be inferred from circumstantial evidence, including employment records, witness descriptions and institutional documents. The defence relied on alibi evidence and discrepancies in employment timelines, but the Court found that such elements merely raised competing inferences and did not render the requesting state’s evidence manifestly unreliable. Issues concerning credibility, identification gaps and potential defences were deemed matters for trial, not for the extradition stage.
18/02/2026 · Court of King’s Bench of Alberta · 2026 ABKB 115
🇨🇦Canada → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
GrantedExtradition
Extradition to USA for bomb attacks linked to animal testing: articles 3 and 6 ECHR challenges rejected
Summary
The case concerned a request by the United States for the extradition of the requested person to stand trial for several bombing offences allegedly committed in California in 2003 against companies linked to animal testing activities. The defence argued that extradition should be barred because of the risk of prejudice connected to the requested person’s political beliefs, alleged defects in the superseding indictment, and potential violations of Articles 3 and 6 ECHR arising from detention conditions and possible political interference by the current U.S. administration. The Westminster Magistrates’ Court rejected those arguments, holding that the proceedings concerned ordinary violent criminal offences and that there was no concrete evidence of political motivation or improper executive interference. The Court further held that the requested person would benefit from the procedural guarantees of the U.S. federal justice system, including legal representation, independent judicial oversight, and appellate remedies. Extradition was therefore ordered, the Court finding no violation of Articles 3 or 6 ECHR.
06/02/2026 · Westminster Magistrates’ Court · The Government of the United States of America -v- Daniel Andreas San Diego
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇺🇸United States
GrantedExtradition
Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom and surrender of the defendant for participation in proceedings against him
Summary
In the matter of an arrest warrant issued by the United Kingdom on the basis of the so-called Partnership Agreement of 24 December 2020, the decision by which the Italian judicial authority, granting a request coming from the foreign authority, orders the surrender of the person for the purposes of participation in the proceedings against him, does not violate the principle of proportionality set out in Article 597 of the Agreement, following an assessment of the seriousness of the facts and of the interests of the victim, in the event that, for the same purposes, procedural options less invasive of personal liberty have been unsuccessfully attempted. (In application of the principle, the Court considered proportionate the surrender of the applicant in order to ensure his physical participation, instead of participation by videoconference, in a trial for sexual abuse, the said person having left Great Britain, while the trial was pending, as soon as he had been released on bail).
28/10/2025 · Italian Supreme Court · 35451/2025
🇮🇹Italy → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
GrantedExtradition
Two precautionary measure orders based on the same arrest warrant and ne bis in idem principle
Summary
The application in Italy of a custodial measure for the purpose of executing an international arrest warrant issued by the United Kingdom, pursuant to the Trade and Cooperation Agreement signed on 24 December 2020, in relation to criminal proceedings pending before its judicial authorities, does not violate the ne bis in idem principle where, on the basis of the same warrant, a custodial measure has already been ordered by another State—namely, Poland—but the person concerned has in the meantime absconded from it. This is because, notwithstanding the existence of two enforcement measures relating to the same arrest warrant, only a single set of criminal proceedings is pending against the person in the issuing State.
25/09/2025 · Italian Supreme Court · 32241/2025
🇮🇹Italy → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
Decision on precautionary measureExtradition
Remaining sentence calculation and principle of speciality in extradition proceedings under Turkish Law
Summary
The case concerned an extradition request submitted by the United Kingdom against H.D.B. for the execution of the remaining portion of a sentence imposed for intentional bodily harm.The extradition request arose after the requested person allegedly violated parole conditions relating to a six-year prison sentence imposed by the Wood Green Crown Court in 2008.The Aydın 4th Heavy Penal Court found the extradition request admissible under Law No. 6706.The defence appealed, arguing inter alia that:- the sentence had effectively been completed following release in 2019;- the UK execution system had subsequently changed;- extradition would expose the requested person to disproportionate and inhuman punishment;- the extradition request failed to clearly specify the remaining executable sentence;- specialty-principle safeguards were insufficient.The Turkish Court of Cassation held that the lower court failed to sufficiently determine the exact remaining custodial sentence still executable in the United Kingdom.The Court emphasized that:- extradition detention may not exceed the remaining enforceable sentence;- proportionality assessment required clarification of the precise balance of sentence remaining;- supplementary information should have been requested from the requesting State.The Court further held that the judgment inadequately addressed specialty-principle protections under Article 10(4) of Law No. 6706.The extradition admissibility judgment was therefore quashed.
15/09/2025 · Turkish Court of Cassation (Yargıtay), 5th Criminal Chamber · E. 2025/6232, K. 2025/9055
🇹🇷Turkey → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
Rejected (procedural grounds)Extradition
Competing extradition requests: decision to prioritise the United States quashed for unfairness and factual errors
Summary
The case concerned a Portuguese national facing two competing extradition claims for substantially overlapping cybercrime-related conduct: a United States extradition request under Part 2 of the Extradition Act 2003 and a Portuguese arrest warrant under Part 1. The requested person preferred extradition to Portugal and challenged the Home Secretary’s decision under section 179 of the 2003 Act to defer the Portuguese warrant until the United States request had been disposed of. The High Court held that the decision-making process was procedurally unfair because the Home Secretary had refused to receive representations from the requested person, the United States and Portugal, despite the significant consequences of choosing between competing extradition claims. Relying also on the CJEU judgment in OP v Procureur de la République, the Court interpreted section 179 consistently with the need to consider all the circumstances of the case, including the interests of the requested person. The Court further found that the decision was vitiated by material factual errors and by a failure to take relevant considerations into account, and therefore quashed the decision so that the matter could be reconsidered by the Home Secretary.
11/09/2025 · High Court of Justice, King’s Bench Division, Administrative Court · [2025] EWHC 2293
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇺🇸United States
Procedural orderExtradition
Surrender to the United Kingdom, proportionality and the risk of a violation of fundamental rights
Summary
Where, under the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the need to secure the physical presence of the requested person in criminal proceedings appears, in abstract terms, compatible with the objectives of the cooperation instrument, this does not exempt the judicial authority of the executing State from carrying out the substantive assessments entrusted to it, namely compliance with the principle of proportionality. It is therefore necessary to assess the impact of surrender on the person’s family life, on the relationship with minor children and on their needs for care and protection, especially where the person is the sole parent of two very young children and there exists, in abstract terms, the possibility of securing the person’s presence by means of a video-link (excluded by the UK court not because such a tool is unavailable or prohibited under domestic law, but on discretionary grounds of expediency).
28/02/2025 · Italian Supreme Court · 8851/2025
🇮🇹Italy → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
Reversal and remandExtradition
Extradition to India refused due to risk of inhuman or degrading treatment and insufficient diplomatic assurances (Bhandari case)
Summary
The High Court of England and Wales allowed the appeal against an extradition order to India in relation to financial offences, finding that surrender would expose the requested person to a real risk of inhuman or degrading treatment. The Court relied on detailed evidence concerning detention conditions and the use of coercion by investigative authorities, concluding that the diplomatic assurances provided were insufficient to mitigate that risk. The Court further held that the applicant would face a real risk of a flagrant denial of justice, in light of procedural features of the criminal system, including provisions capable of reversing the burden of proof. On this basis, extradition was barred under Articles 3 and 6 ECHR, and the appellant was discharged.
28/02/2025 · UK High Court of Justice · AC-2023-LON-000514
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇮🇳India
DeniedExtradition
Extradition to Japan: assurances sufficient to address human rights risks and prima facie case established
Summary
The case concerned appeals by Japan against the discharge of two requested persons whose extradition was sought for prosecution for an alleged robbery in Tokyo. The first-instance judge had found, in one case, that there was no prima facie case and, in both cases, that extradition would be incompatible with Articles 3, 4, 5 and 6 ECHR because of risks arising from Japanese detention conditions, interrogation practices, access to lawyers, compulsory prison labour and the absence of bail during the pre-indictment period. The Divisional Court held that there was sufficient admissible evidence to establish a prima facie case against the first requested person and that the detailed assurances provided by Japan in March 2024, supplemented by further assurances in October 2024, were sufficient in practice to remove the risks identified under Articles 3 and 6 ECHR. It also held that compulsory prison work in Japan fell within work required in the ordinary course of detention under Article 4(3)(a) ECHR, and that the alleged Article 5 issue did not amount to a flagrant breach in the extradition context. The appeals were therefore allowed and the discharge orders were set aside.
29/01/2025 · High Court of Justice, Divisional Court · Government of Japan v Chappell and Wright [2025] EWHC 166
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇯🇵Japan
GrantedExtradition
Extradition, nationality discrimination and freedom of expression: leave to appeal conditionally granted in Assange v United States
Summary
Extradition may be subject to appeal where the requested person establishes an arguable risk of prejudice at trial by reason of nationality, including where such prejudice may affect access to fundamental constitutional protections in the requesting State. In such circumstances, issues under Article 10 ECHR (freedom of expression) may arise, but only insofar as they are consequential upon the risk of discriminatory treatment. Extradition may also be challenged where assurances provided by the requesting State are insufficient, particularly in relation to the death penalty and the rule of specialty, with the court entitled to require further guarantees before determining whether the appeal should proceed. By contrast, the prohibition of extradition for political offences contained in an unincorporated bilateral treaty does not confer directly enforceable rights in domestic law, nor can it operate as an independent bar to extradition under the Extradition Act 2003. The statutory framework constitutes an exhaustive code, and extradition must be ordered unless a specific statutory bar is established. Finally, at the leave stage, the appellate court is not concerned with determining the merits of the grounds, but only with whether they disclose a real prospect that the lower court’s decision was wrong.
26/03/2024 · UK High Court of Justice · AC-2022-LON-001745 and 1746
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇺🇸United States
PendingExtradition
Surrender to Italy refused: conviction in absentia did not amount to deliberate absence from trial
Summary
The case concerned a European Arrest Warrant issued by the Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Court of Pordenone, Italy, seeking the surrender of the requested person to serve a one-year sentence imposed after a trial held in his absence. The requested person had been informed in 2015 that he was under investigation and had elected an address in Italy, but he later moved to the United Kingdom without notifying the Italian judicial police; he was never officially informed that prosecution had commenced, nor notified of the date and place of trial. The Supreme Court held that “deliberately absented himself from his trial” under section 20(3) of the Extradition Act 2003 must be understood consistently with Article 6 ECHR as requiring an unequivocal waiver of the right to be present at trial. Mere lack of diligence in failing to keep the authorities informed of an address was not enough, especially where the requested person had not been charged, had not been told that proceedings had begun, and had not been warned that trial could proceed in his absence. The appeal was allowed, the extradition order was quashed, and the requested person was discharged.
06/03/2024 · Supreme Court of the United Kingdom · [2024] UKSC 9
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇮🇹Italy
DeniedExtradition
Extradition to the United Kingdom found inadmissible due to insufficient assurances on detention conditions
Summary
The case concerned a request for extradition from Germany to the United Kingdom under the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, based on a TCA arrest warrant issued by Westminster Magistrates’ Court for alleged drug trafficking and money laundering conspiracies. The requested person objected to extradition on the ground that prison conditions in England and Wales, including overcrowding, staff shortages and violence, could expose him to inhuman or degrading treatment contrary to Article 3 ECHR. The Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court requested specific, binding assurances and detailed information on the prisons in which the requested person would be held, including cell space, occupancy, sanitation, ventilation, outdoor exercise, activities and medical care. The United Kingdom authorities provided only general information and did not identify the specific detention facilities or give the requested guarantees within the deadline set by the Court. As a result, the Court held that it could not be assumed with sufficient certainty that the requested person would be detained in humane conditions, declared extradition currently inadmissible, revoked the TCA extradition warrant and ordered his immediate release.
10/03/2023 · Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court · 301 OAus 1/23
🇩🇪Germany → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
GrantedExtradition
Extradition request from Japan certified: challenge to special extradition arrangements and diplomatic request rejected
Summary
The case concerned judicial review challenges to the Secretary of State’s certification of Japan’s first extradition request to the United Kingdom, made under special extradition arrangements because no extradition treaty existed between the two States. The requested persons argued that the request was invalid because it had been issued by the Japanese National Police Agency rather than by the Government of Japan, contrary to the Memorandum of Cooperation, and because the diplomatic notes from the Japanese Embassy could not themselves constitute a valid extradition request. The Divisional Court rejected those arguments, holding that the Embassy notes expressly made or renewed a request for extradition on behalf of the Government of Japan and that the supporting police documents could properly be relied upon as part of the request. The Court further held that a formal diplomatic note issued by the Embassy could be treated as emanating from the Ambassador, acting as the diplomatic representative of Japan, and therefore satisfied the “approved way” requirement under section 70 of the Extradition Act 2003. The judicial review claim was dismissed, leaving the certification of the extradition request in place.
21/12/2022 · High Court of Justice, King’s Bench Division, Divisional Court · [2022] EWHC 3281
🇬🇧United Kingdom → 🇯🇵Japan
DeniedExtradition
Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom and return condition required for italian citizens
Summary
In the matter of a prosecution arrest warrant issued by the United Kingdom on the basis of the Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of 24 December 2020, the optional nature of the condition of return to Italy in order to serve there the sentence eventually imposed, provided for under Article 604, letter b), of the aforementioned Agreement, results in a regime for Italian citizens that is less favourable than that laid down, for the analogous system of surrender under the European arrest warrant, by Article 19, paragraph 1, letter b), of Law No. 69 of 22 April 2005, as amended by Article 17, paragraph 1, of Legislative Decree No. 10 of 2 February 2021; therefore, in the absence of an express different request by the person concerned, the surrender is mandatorily subject to the guarantee of return and the relevant condition, where not contained in the challenged judgment, must be imposed by the Court of Cassation also “ex officio.”
12/12/2022 · Italian Supreme Court · 47704/2022
🇮🇹Italy → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
GrantedExtradition
On the surrender regime for requested persons and the replacement of the European Arrest Warrant following the so-called Brexit
Summary
Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, relations between the two—the former having become a third country—are governed by a specific agreement that entered into force on 1 May 2021. Consequently, extradition procedures do not apply where the United Kingdom requests Italy to surrender a person accused of participation in a criminal association aimed at facilitating illegal immigration. In relations between the European Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain, following the latter’s withdrawal (so-called Brexit), the European Arrest Warrant framework has been replaced—upon the entry into force of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement—by a new model of cooperation with an autonomous legal basis, namely that set out in Title VII of the said Agreement. This model provides for a system of surrender of requested persons substantially modelled on the former regime and, being self-standing, comprehensive and detailed, is directly applicable.
16/09/2021 · Italian Supreme Court · 34466/2021
🇮🇹Italy → 🇬🇧United Kingdom
GrantedExtradition
Country Contributor
Edward Grange
Corker Binning
Edward Grange is regarded as one of the leading extradition lawyers in the UK, advising on complex, high-stakes extradition, international criminal, and serious criminal matters.
He is recognised as a Star Individual for Crime: Extradition in Chambers UK 2026, where he is described as “a fantastic extradition lawyer – the best of the best.”
He is widely recognised for advising individuals in complex, sensitive, and often high-profile cases with significant international dimensions. With over 18 years’ specialist experience, he has advised and represented individuals facing extradition to jurisdictions across the world and has an exceptional track record in successfully resisting extradition requests. His work includes defeating requests from the United States, Russia, India, and the United Arab Emirates. He has conducted hundreds of extradition cases arising from almost every EU member state and was a member of the legal team advising Julian Assange.
His extradition expertise places Edward at the forefront of legal challenges involving INTERPOL. He regularly advises individuals who are subject to, or at risk of becoming subject to, INTERPOL Red Notices and diffusion requests. He has successfully made representations to the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files (CCF) securing the deletion of Red Notices and, in pre-emptive cases, preventing notices from being issued altogether.
Edward is an experienced criminal defence lawyer with a career spanning all stages of the criminal process, from police station representation through to contested trials. His criminal litigation practice covers the full spectrum of serious criminal allegations, including complex fraud, serious sexual offences, and offences involving serious violence. He has particular expertise in representing children and young people accused of grave criminal conduct, having spent many years practising extensively in the London Youth Courts. He also advises on road traffic offences, from regulatory matters through to allegations of causing death by dangerous driving.
Edward is the co-author of Extradition Law: A Practitioner’s Guide (Legal Action Group, 3rd edition, 2021), the leading practitioner text on the subject. He is the co-founder and former Chair of the Defence Extradition Lawyers Forum and was elected to the Advisory Board of the European Criminal Bar Association in October 2024. He has given expert evidence before the House of Lords Select Committee on Extradition, with his evidence featuring extensively in its final report. Edward is also a regular commentator in the national and international media on extradition law and cross-border criminal justice
Edward is the co-host of Corker Binning’s podcast, Full Comment, where he discusses developments in criminal law, extradition, and cross-border investigations.
Country Contributor
Rebecca Niblock
Kingsley Napley
Rebecca specialises in extradition and cross-border criminal matters. She advises individuals, families and family offices facing complex criminal investigations, extradition proceedings and cross-border enforcement action with an international dimension.
Her practice focuses on extradition, INTERPOL and mutual legal assistance (MLA) requests, as well as wider cross-border enforcement issues. Many of her cases involve sensitive issues and require careful coordination across multiple jurisdictions, often alongside reputational or political considerations. Her work frequently involves matters where criminal proceedings intersect with reputational, political or diplomatic considerations.
Rebecca also represents clients in serious and complex financial crime matters, including allegations of fraud, bribery and corruption, and in investigations conducted by agencies such as the Serious Fraud Office and Financial Conduct Authority. She is particularly experienced in cases involving parallel proceedings or competing enforcement interests in different jurisdictions.
She has extensive experience acting in extradition cases involving requests from the United States, EU member states, India and jurisdictions across the Middle East and the CIS. She regularly leads high-stakes matters raising complex issues of international law, human rights and abuse of process.
Rebecca works closely with private client advisers, trustees and reputation specialists when managing cross-border criminal risk for individuals and families.
She is ranked as a Star Individual for Extradition by Chambers and Partners and as a Leading Partner in Legal 500.
Rebecca is co-author of Extradition Law: A Practitioner’s Guide, one of the leading texts in the field, and contributes regularly to legal and policy discussions on cross-border criminal enforcement.
She holds a PhD in the History of Art from the University of Bristol.
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